A
Axial Load
A force acting parallel to the axis of rotation. In gearboxes, axial loads arise from helical and bevel gear meshes and must be managed by thrust bearings to prevent axial shaft movement.
Load Type
Aluminium Die-Cast
A housing material created by injecting molten aluminium into steel dies. Offers lightweight construction and good heat dissipation, commonly used in NMRV worm reducers and compact gearboxes.
Material
B
Backlash
The small gap between meshing gear teeth that allows for expansion, lubrication, and thermal movement. Critical for smooth operation—too much backlash reduces accuracy; too little causes binding and rapid wear.
Key Concept
Anand Gears manufactures gearboxes with precisely controlled backlash to ±0.05 mm for optimal performance.
Backlash Adjuster
A mechanical device that allows adjustment of backlash by changing the position of one gear relative to another. Used in high-precision applications to fine-tune mesh conditions.
Component
Bevel Gear
A conical gear with teeth inclined at an angle to the axis of rotation. Used to transmit power between shafts that intersect at an angle, typically 90 degrees. Bevel gears are essential for compact, perpendicular power transmission.
Gear Type
Anand Gears manufactures precision bevel gearboxes for food processing, packaging, and heavy manufacturing industries.
Bevel Gearbox
A gearbox containing one or more bevel gears, enabling power transmission between perpendicular shafts. Commonly used in applications requiring 90-degree shaft orientation.
Gearbox Type
C
Case Hardened Steel
Steel that has been heat-treated to create a hard, wear-resistant outer surface while maintaining a tough core. Used extensively for worm shafts to withstand high contact stresses.
Material
Case Hardening
A heat treatment process that diffuses carbon or nitrogen into the surface of steel to create a hard, wear-resistant case while preserving core toughness. Critical for gear longevity.
Manufacturing
Cast Iron
An iron-carbon alloy (typically FG 260 grade) used for gearbox housings due to excellent vibration damping, structural rigidity, and wear resistance. Superior to steel for shock absorption.
Material
Center Distance
The distance between the centers of two meshing gears. Critical parameter for gear design, determined by the sum of their pitch circle diameters divided by 2.
Key Concept
CNC Machining
Computer Numerical Control machining using automated milling, turning, and boring operations. Enables precision manufacturing with tolerances up to ±0.01 mm for gearbox housings and shafts.
Manufacturing
Crown Pinion
A type of bevel gear with teeth curved in the direction perpendicular to the pitch cone elements. Used in certain bevel gear designs for improved load distribution and reduced noise.
Gear Type
Coupling
A mechanical device that joins two shafts end-to-end to transmit power. Allows slight misalignment while transmitting torque, protecting gearbox input and output shafts from damage.
Component
Cycloidal Reducer
A speed reducer using cycloidal gear teeth instead of involute teeth, offering high reduction ratios in minimal space. Alternative to worm gearboxes with higher efficiency.
Gearbox Type
D
Double Reduction Gearbox
A gearbox with two stages of gear reduction, typically achieving ratios from 25:1 to 2500:1. Enables ultra-high torque multiplication in compact form.
Gearbox Type
Duty Cycle
The operating pattern of a gearbox, categorized as intermittent (occasional use), continuous (24-7 operation), or shock duty (sudden load spikes). Determines gearbox sizing and material selection.
Key Concept
E
Efficiency
The percentage of mechanical power transmitted from gearbox input to output. Typical values: worm gearboxes 50-90%, helical gearboxes 95%+, bevel gearboxes 90-98%. Higher efficiency means less heat generation.
Key Concept
Anand Gears optimizes designs for maximum efficiency within your load and speed requirements.
EN8 Steel
A medium-carbon steel alloy (0.36-0.44% carbon) used for gearbox components and shafts. Offers good strength and machineability, suitable for non-critical gear teeth.
Material
EN19 Steel
A high-carbon steel alloy (0.35-0.45% carbon) with superior strength and hardness. Commonly used for case-hardened worm shafts achieving HRC 58-62 surface hardness.
Material
EN24 Steel
A chromium-molybdenum steel alloy with exceptional strength and toughness. Premium choice for worm shafts and gears in heavy-duty applications requiring maximum durability.
Material
Extruder Gearbox
A specialized gearbox designed for plastics extrusion equipment, handling high torque at low speeds with precise thermal management. Critical for consistent extrusion quality.
Gearbox Type
F
Flange Mounted
A gearbox mounting configuration where the input or output shaft mounts to a mating surface via a flange interface. Allows rigid, precise shaft alignment.
Component
Fluid Coupling
A hydraulic device that transmits torque between input and output shafts through fluid circulation. Used to reduce shock loads and enable soft-start conditions in gearbox applications.
Component
Foot Mounted
A gearbox mounting configuration where feet at the base of the housing bolt to a foundation or machine frame. Standard mounting for stationary gearboxes.
Component
G
Gear
A mechanical component with teeth cut into its surface that meshes with another gear to transmit rotational force (torque) and speed. Gears are the fundamental building block of all gearboxes.
Component
Geared Motor
An integrated assembly combining an electric motor and gearbox on a single shaft. Provides torque multiplication and speed reduction in one compact unit.
Gearbox Type
Gear Grinding
A finishing process using abrasive wheels to achieve precise tooth profiles and surface finishes on gears. Essential for high-precision, high-speed applications requiring low noise and long life.
Manufacturing
Gear Hobbing
A cutting process using a rotating hob (gear-like tool) to cut gear teeth. Efficient method for manufacturing spur, helical, and worm gears with high accuracy and repeatability.
Manufacturing
Gear Module
A measure of gear tooth size, defined as pitch circle diameter divided by number of teeth. Module is fundamental to gear design; two gears must have the same module to mesh properly.
Key Concept
Gearbox
A mechanical assembly of gears, shafts, bearings, and housing that transmits and modifies rotational power. Gearboxes multiply torque, reduce speed, change direction, and enable efficient power transmission.
Key Concept
Anand Gears manufactures worm, helical, bevel, planetary, and specialty gearboxes for industrial applications across India.
Gear Ratio
The ratio of teeth on the driven gear to teeth on the driving gear. Determines speed reduction and torque multiplication; synonym for reduction ratio in single-stage gearboxes.
Key Concept
H
Heat Treatment
Controlled heating and cooling of steel to modify properties such as hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. Critical process for gears and shafts to achieve long service life.
Manufacturing
Helical Gear
A cylindrical gear with teeth inclined at an angle (helix) to the axis of rotation. Helical gears offer smoother, quieter, more efficient operation than spur gears with higher load capacity.
Gear Type
Anand Gears manufactures helical gearboxes in various reduction ratios for demanding industrial applications.
Helical Gearbox
A gearbox using helical gears for power transmission. Offers higher efficiency (95%+), lower noise, and greater load capacity than worm gearboxes, preferred for continuous-duty applications.
Gearbox Type
Herringbone Gear
A special helical gear with V-shaped tooth arrangement (teeth inclined in opposite directions). Used to eliminate axial thrust forces, ideal for high-speed applications.
Gear Type
Hypoid Gear
A modified bevel gear with teeth that are skewed and spiral-shaped. Allows shaft offset and provides smoother mesh than straight bevel gears; common in automotive differential applications.
Gear Type
I
Input Speed
The rotational speed (RPM) at the gearbox input shaft, typically from a motor. Input speed multiplied by reduction ratio equals output speed.
Key Concept
Internal Gear
A gear with teeth cut on the inside of a ring or annulus, as opposed to the outside of a standard gear. Used in planetary gearboxes to create compact, high-torque designs.
Gear Type
IP Rating
Ingress Protection rating indicating the degree of protection of an electric motor or gearbox against environmental conditions. IP55 = protected from dust and water jets; IP56 = protected from dust and high-pressure water jets.
Specification
L
Lubrication
The application of oil or grease to reduce friction between moving parts. Essential for gear longevity; oils reduce wear and heat, maintain thermal stability, and remove contaminants.
Key Concept
M
Measurement Over Pins (MOP)
A method of measuring gear tooth spacing and accuracy by placing precision pins or balls between gear teeth and measuring the distance. Used for quality control verification.
Manufacturing
Measurement Over Teeth (MOT)
A method of verifying gear dimensions by measuring across a fixed number of teeth using a micrometer. Confirms tooth spacing, helix angle, and pitch diameter accuracy.
Manufacturing
Mitre Gear
Identical bevel gears meshing at 90 degrees with equal tooth counts. Used when input and output shafts are at right angles and rotate at equal speeds.
Gear Type
N
Nitriding
A heat treatment process that diffuses nitrogen into steel surface to create an extremely hard, wear-resistant case. Used for worm shafts and gears requiring maximum surface hardness (HRC 60+).
Manufacturing
NMRV Reducer
A compact worm gearbox with aluminium die-cast housing (NMRV = IEC standard designation). Offers lightweight construction, efficient heat dissipation, and is ideal for space-constrained applications.
Gearbox Type
Noise Level
The acoustic output of a gearbox during operation, measured in decibels (dB). Helical gears generate less noise (60-70 dB) than spur or worm gears (75-85 dB) due to gradual tooth engagement.
Specification
O
Output Speed
The rotational speed (RPM) at the gearbox output shaft, after reduction. Calculated as input speed divided by the reduction ratio.
Key Concept
Overhung Load
A radial load applied to the output shaft beyond the bearing support point. Must be minimized to prevent deflection, misalignment, and premature bearing failure.
Load Type
P
Phosphor Bronze (PB)
An alloy of copper (88%), tin (10%), and phosphorus (2%) used for worm wheel rings. Provides excellent wear resistance, self-lubricating properties, and compatibility with hardened worm shafts at high speeds.
Material
Anand Gears sources premium PB castings from certified foundries and inspects every batch for consistency.
Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD)
The diameter of an imaginary circle passing through the pitch points of gear teeth. Critical parameter for gear design; used to calculate center distance and mesh conditions.
Key Concept
Planetary Gearbox
A compact gearbox where small planet gears orbit around a central sun gear while meshing with an internal ring gear. Provides exceptional torque density, multiple speed ratios, and inline input/output shaft alignment.
Gearbox Type
Power Transmission
The transfer of mechanical energy from a motor to a driven machine through gears, shafts, and couplings. Gearboxes are essential power transmission devices that optimize energy delivery for specific applications.
Key Concept
Pressure Angle
The angle between the tooth profile and the radius at the pitch circle. Standard values are 14.5° (older designs) and 20° (modern standards). Affects gear strength and contact stress distribution.
Key Concept
R
Rack and Pinion
A gear system where a small circular gear (pinion) meshes with a linear toothed bar (rack). Converts rotational motion into linear motion, or vice versa; common in steering and positioning applications.
Gear Type
Radial Load
A force acting perpendicular to the axis of rotation (radially outward from the shaft). Generated by gear mesh forces and must be supported by radial ball or roller bearings.
Load Type
Reduction Gearbox
Any gearbox designed to reduce input speed while multiplying torque. Opposite of a speed-increasing (overdrive) gearbox; most industrial gearboxes are reduction units.
Gearbox Type
Reduction Ratio
The ratio of input speed to output speed in a gearbox. A 10:1 ratio means output rotates 10 times slower than input; torque increases proportionally (10x). Critical specification for gearbox selection.
Key Concept
Anand Gears manufactures gearboxes with reduction ratios from 3:1 to 2500:1 in single and double reduction configurations.
Reverse Power Loss
Energy lost when a gearbox is driven backwards from the output shaft to the input. High in worm gearboxes due to self-locking properties; lower in helical gearboxes enabling continuous backdrive.
Key Concept
S
Self-Locking
A gearbox property where the output shaft cannot be backdriven to rotate the input shaft, even under load. Inherent in worm gearboxes due to high friction angles; valuable for vertical hoists and load-holding applications.
Key Concept
Anand Gears designs worm gearboxes with self-locking ratios ideal for holding loads without external brakes.
Service Factor
A multiplier applied to calculated torque to account for application severity (shock load, duty cycle, etc.). Typical values range 1.0-2.0; higher factors mean more conservative gearbox sizing.
Key Concept
Shaft Mounted
A gearbox configuration where the output shaft extends directly onto the driven machine shaft (hollow bore mounting). Eliminates coupling, reduces size, and improves rigidity.
Component
Shock Load
A sudden, transient load that far exceeds normal operating torque. Causes impact stresses on gears and bearings; requires higher service factors and robust gearbox design.
Load Type
Screw Jack
A mechanical lifting device that converts rotational motion into linear (up/down) motion using a lead screw and threaded nut. Used for vertical load positioning and holding in heavy machinery.
Component
Anand Gears manufactures screw jacks with lifting capacities from 5 kN to 350 kN.
Speed Ratio
Synonym for reduction ratio; the relationship between input and output speeds. Determines how much the gearbox slows down the input speed.
Key Concept
Spur Gear
The simplest gear type with teeth parallel to the rotation axis. Economical to manufacture but noisier and less efficient than helical gears; suitable for low-speed applications.
Gear Type
T
Thermal Rating
The maximum continuous power a gearbox can transmit while maintaining safe operating temperature (typically 70-90°C). Exceeding thermal rating causes lubricant breakdown, seal leaks, and accelerated failure.
Specification
Anand Gears publishes thermal ratings for all gearbox models; use proper lubrication and cooling to maximize service life.
Torque
The rotational force applied to a shaft, measured in Newton-meters (Nm) or kilogram-force-meters (kgf-m). Output torque equals input torque multiplied by the reduction ratio and efficiency.
Key Concept
Torque Ripple
Variation in output torque during gear mesh cycles. More pronounced in spur gears (tooth-by-tooth engagement) than helical gears (smooth multi-tooth engagement). Causes vibration and noise if unchecked.
Key Concept
Transfer of Power
The mechanical process of converting input shaft power (torque × speed) to output shaft power through gear meshing. Gearboxes enable efficient power transfer while adapting speed and torque to application needs.
Key Concept
V
VFD (Variable Frequency Drive)
An electronic controller that varies motor speed by changing input frequency and voltage. Enables dynamic gearbox load adjustment and energy savings in variable-demand applications.
Component
Vibration
Oscillatory motion caused by gear mesh forces, bearing preload, or misalignment. Minimized by helical gears and proper balancing; excessive vibration indicates wear or damage.
Key Concept
W
Worm Gear
A helicoid gear cut in the form of a screw thread (worm). Meshes with a worm wheel at 90 degrees to create high reduction ratios (up to 100:1) in compact space. Essential for applications requiring self-locking.
Gear Type
Anand Gears manufactures precision worm gears in EN 19/24 case-hardened steel with surface hardness HRC 58-62.
Worm Gearbox
A gearbox combining a worm shaft and worm wheel for compact, high-ratio power transmission. Typical reduction ratios 5:1–100:1; widely used in hoists, conveyors, and extruders.
Gearbox Type
Anand Gears manufactures cast iron worm gearboxes (WPSE, WPSM, WPSA series) with industry-standard flange mounting and multiple output configurations.
Worm Shaft
The input shaft cut with helical (screw-like) threads that mesh with a worm wheel. Manufactured from case-hardened alloy steel (EN 19/24) to withstand high contact stresses and wear.
Component
Worm Wheel
The output gear that meshes with a worm shaft, typically made from phosphor bronze or cast iron. Helical teeth are cut to accept the worm thread at 90 degrees with precise pitch alignment.
Gear Type
Anand Gears uses premium phosphor bronze (PB2) for worm wheel castings, sourced from Lord Metal Foundry and verified for composition and hardness.